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WGSL Function Reference

Bit Reinterpretation Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn bitcast<T>(e : T) -> T
T is a concrete numeric scalar or concrete numeric vector Identity transform.
Component-wise when T is a vector.
The result is e. 
 fn bitcast<T>(e : S) -> T
S is i32, u32, or f32 T is not S and is i32, u32, or f32 Reinterpretation of bits as T.
The result is the reintepretation of bits in e as a T value. 
 fn bitcast<vecN<T>>(e : vecN<S>) -> T
S is i32, u32, or f32 T is not S and is i32, u32, or f32 Component-wise reinterpretation of bits as T.
The result is the reintepretation of bits in e as a vecN<T> value. 
 fn bitcast<T>(e : vec2<f16>) -> T
T is i32, u32, or f32 Component-wise reinterpretation of bits as T.
The result is the reintepretation of the 32 bits in e as a T value, following the internal layout rules. 
 fn bitcast<vec2<T>>(e : vec4<f16>) -> vec2<T>
T is i32, u32, or f32 Component-wise reinterpretation of bits as T.
The result is the reintepretation of the 64 bits in e as a T value, following the internal layout rules. 
 fn bitcast<vec2<f16>>(e : T) -> vec2<f16>
T is i32, u32, or f32 Component-wise reinterpretation of bits as f16.
The result is the reintepretation of the 32 bits in e as an f16 value, following the internal layout rules. 
 fn bitcast<vec4<f16>>(e : vec2<T>) -> vec4<f16>
T is i32, u32, or f32 Component-wise reinterpretation of bits as vec2<f16>.
The result is the reintepretation of the 64 bits in e as an f16 value, following the internal layout rules.

Logical Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn all(e: vecN<bool>) -> bool
Returns true if each component of e is true. 
 fn all(e: bool) -> bool
Returns e. 
 fn any(e: vecN<bool>) -> bool
Returns true if any component of e is true. 
 fn any(e: bool) -> bool
Returns e. 
 fn select(f: T, t: T, cond: bool) -> T
T is scalar or vector Returns t when cond is true, and f otherwise. 
 fn select(f: vecN<T>, t: vecN<T>, cond: vecN<bool>) -> vecN<T>
T is scalar Component-wise selection. Result component i is evaluated as select(f[i], t[i], cond[i]).

Array Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn arrayLength(p: ptr<storage, array<E>, AM>) -> u32
E is an element type for a runtime-sized array, access mode AM is read or read_write Returns NRuntime, the number of elements in the runtime-sized array.

See § 10.3.4 Buffer Binding Determines Runtime-Sized Array Element Count

Numeric Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn abs(e: T ) -> T
S is AbstractInt, AbstractFloat, i32, u32, f32, or f16T is S, or vecN<S> The absolute value of e. Component-wise when T is a vector.

If e is a floating-point type, then the result is e with a positive sign bit. If e is an unsigned integer scalar type, then the result is e. If e is a signed integer scalar type and evaluates to the largest negative value, then the result is e.

 fn acos(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S>

Note: The result is not mathematically meaningful when abs(e) > 1.

 fn acosh(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S>

Note: The result is not mathematically meaningful when e < 1.

 fn asin(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S>

Note: The result is not mathematically meaningful when abs(e) > 1.

 fn asinh(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine (sinh-1) of e, as a hyperbolic angle in radians.
That is, approximates x such that sinh(x) = e.

Component-wise when T is a vector.

 fn atan(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the principal value, in radians, of the inverse tangent (tan-1) of e.
That is, approximates x with π/2 ≤ x ≤ π/2, such that tan(x) = e.

Component-wise when T is a vector.

 fn atanh(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S>

Note: The result is not mathematically meaningful when abs(e) ≥ 1.

 fn atan2(y: T, x: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns an angle, in radians, in the interval [-π, π] whose tangent is y÷x.

The quadrant selected by the result depends on the signs of y and x. For example, the function may be implemented as:

  • atan(y/x) when x > 0

  • atan(y/x) + π when (x < 0) and (y > 0)

  • atan(y/x) - π when (x < 0) and (y < 0)

Note: atan2 is ill-defined when y/x is ill-defined, at the origin (x,y) = (0,0), and when y is non-normal or infinite.

Component-wise when T is a vector.

 fn ceil(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the ceiling of e. Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn clamp(e: T, low: T, high: T) -> T
S is AbstractInt, AbstractFloat, i32, u32, f32, or f16T is S, or vecN<S> Restricts the value of e within a range.

If T is an integer type, then the result is min(max(e, low), high).

If T is a floating-point type, then the result is either min(max(e, low), high), or the median of the three values e, low, high.

Component-wise when T is a vector.

If low is greater than high, then:

  • It is a shader-creation error if low and high are const-expressions.

  • It is a pipeline-creation error if low and high are override-expressions.

 fn cos(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the cosine of e, where e is in radians. Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn cosh(arg: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the hyperbolic cosine of arg, where arg is a hyperbolic angle in radians. Approximates the pure mathematical function (earg + e−arg)÷2, but not necessarily computed that way.

Component-wise when T is a vector

 fn countLeadingZeros(e: T) -> T
T is i32, u32, vecN<i32>, or vecN<u32> The number of consecutive 0 bits starting from the most significant bit of e, when T is a scalar type.
Component-wise when T is a vector.
Also known as "clz" in some languages. 
 fn countOneBits(e: T) -> T
T is i32, u32, vecN<i32>, or vecN<u32> The number of 1 bits in the representation of e.
Also known as "population count".
Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn countTrailingZeros(e: T) -> T
T is i32, u32, vecN<i32>, or vecN<u32> The number of consecutive 0 bits starting from the least significant bit of e, when T is a scalar type.
Component-wise when T is a vector.
Also known as "ctz" in some languages. 
 fn cross(e1: vec3<T>, e2: vec3<T>) -> vec3<T>
T is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16 Returns the cross product of e1 and e2. 
 fn degrees(e1: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Converts radians to degrees, approximating e1 × 180 ÷ π. Component-wise when T is a vector 
 fn determinant(e: matCxC<T>) -> T
T is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16 Returns the determinant of e. 
 fn distance(e1: T, e2: T) -> S
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the distance between e1 and e2 (e.g. length(e1 - e2)). 
 fn dot(e1: vecN<T>, e2: vecN<T>) -> T
T is AbstractInt, AbstractFloat, i32, u32, f32, or f16 Returns the dot product of e1 and e2. 
 fn exp(e1: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the natural exponentiation of e1 (e.g. ee1). Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn exp2(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns 2 raised to the power e (e.g. 2e). Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn extractBits(e: T, offset: u32, count: u32) -> T
T is i32 or vecN<i32> Reads bits from an integer, with sign extension.

When T is a scalar type, then:

  • w is the bit width of T
  • o = min(offset, w)
  • c = min(count, w - o)
  • The result is 0 if c is 0.
  • Otherwise, bits 0..c - 1 of the result are copied from bits o..o + c - 1 of e. Other bits of the result are the same as bit c - 1 of the result.
Component-wise when T is a vector.

If count + offset is greater than w, then:

  • It is a shader-creation error if count and offset are const-expressions.

  • It is a pipeline-creation error if count and offset are override-expressions.

 fn extractBits(e: T, offset: u32, count: u32) -> T
T is u32 or vecN<u32> Reads bits from an integer, without sign extension.

When T is a scalar type, then:

  • w is the bit width of T
  • o = min(offset, w)
  • c = min(count, w - o)
  • The result is 0 if c is 0.
  • Otherwise, bits 0..c - 1 of the result are copied from bits o..o + c - 1 of e. Other bits of the result are 0.
Component-wise when T is a vector.

If count + offset is greater than w, then:

  • It is a shader-creation error if count and offset are const-expressions.

  • It is a pipeline-creation error if count and offset are override-expressions.

 fn faceForward(e1: T, e2: T, e3: T) -> T
T is vecN<AbstractFloat>, vecN<f32>, or vecN<f16> Returns e1 if dot(e2, e3) is negative, and -e1 otherwise. 
 fn firstLeadingBit(e: T) -> T
T is i32 or vecN<i32>

Note: Since signed integers use twos-complement representation, the sign bit appears in the most significant bit position.

 fn firstLeadingBit(e: T) -> T
T is u32 or vecN<u32> For scalar T, the result is:
  • T(-1) if e is zero.
  • Otherwise the position of the most significant 1 bit in e.
Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn firstTrailingBit(e: T) -> T
T is i32, u32, vecN<i32>, or vecN<u32> For scalar T, the result is:
  • T(-1) if e is zero.
  • Otherwise the position of the least significant 1 bit in e.
Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn floor(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the floor of e. Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn fma(e1: T, e2: T, e3: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns e1 * e2 + e3. Component-wise when T is a vector.

Note: The name fma is short for "fused multiply add".

Note: The IEEE-754 fusedMultiplyAdd operation computes the intermediate results as if with unbounded range and precision, and only the final result is rounded to the destination type. However, the § 14.6.1 Floating Point Accuracy rule for fma allows an implementation which performs an ordinary multiply to the target type followed by an ordinary addition. In this case the intermediate values may overflow or lose accuracy, and the overall operation is not "fused" at all.

 fn fract(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S>

Note: Valid results are in the closed interval [0, 1.0]. For example, if e is a very small negative number, then fract(e) may be 1.0.

 fn frexp(e: T) -> __frexp_result_f32
T is f32

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __frexp_result_f32, but a value may infer the type.

 fn frexp(e: T) -> __frexp_result_f16
T is f16

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __frexp_result_f16, but a value may infer the type.

 fn frexp(e: T) -> __frexp_result_abstract
T is AbstractFloat

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __frexp_result_abstract, but a value may infer the type.

 fn frexp(e: T) -> __frexp_result_vecN_f32
T is vecN<f32>

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __frexp_result_vecN_f32, but a value may infer the type.

 fn frexp(e: T) -> __frexp_result_vecN_f16
T is vecN<f16>

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __frexp_result_vecN_f16, but a value may infer the type.

 fn frexp(e: T) -> __frexp_result_vecN_abstract
T is vecN<AbstractFloat>

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __frexp_result_vecN_abstract, but a value may infer the type.

 fn insertBits(e: T, newbits: T, offset: u32, count: u32) -> T
T is i32, u32, vecN<i32>, or vecN<u32> Sets bits in an integer.

When T is a scalar type, then:

  • w is the bit width of T
  • o = min(offset, w)
  • c = min(count, w - o)
  • The result is e if c is 0.
  • Otherwise, bits o..o + c - 1 of the result are copied from bits 0..c - 1 of newbits. Other bits of the result are copied from e.
Component-wise when T is a vector.

If count + offset is greater than w, then:

  • It is a shader-creation error if count and offset are const-expressions.

  • It is a pipeline-creation error if count and offset are override-expressions.

 fn inverseSqrt(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S>

Note: The result is not mathematically meaningful if e ≤ 0.

 fn ldexp(e1: T, e2: I) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> I is AbstractInt, i32, vecN<AbstractInt>, or vecN<i32> I is a vector if and only if T is a vector I is concrete if and only if T is a concrete Returns e1 * 2e2, except:

  • The result may be zero if e2 + bias ≤ 0.

  • If e2 > bias + 1

    • It is a shader-creation error if e2 is a const-expression.

    • It is a pipeline-creation error if e2 is an override-expression.

    • Otherwise the result is an indeterminate value for T.

Here, bias is the exponent bias of the floating point format:

  • 15 for f16

  • 127 for f32

  • 1023 for AbstractFloat, when AbstractFloat is IEEE-754 binary64

If x is zero or a finite normal value for its type, then:

x = ldexp(frexp(x).fract, frexp(x).exp)

Component-wise when T is a vector.

Note: A mnemonic for the name ldexp is "load exponent". The name may have been taken from the corresponding instruction in the floating point unit of the PDP-11.

 fn length(e: T) -> S
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the length of e.
Evaluates to the absolute value of e if T is scalar.
Evaluates to sqrt(e[0]2 + e[1]2 + ...) if T is a vector type.

Note: The scalar case may be evaluated as sqrt(e * e), which may unnecessarily overflow or lose accuracy.

 fn log(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S>

Note: The result is not mathematically meaningful if e < 0.

 fn log2(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S>

Note: The result is not mathematically meaningful if e < 0.

 fn max(e1: T, e2: T) -> T
S is AbstractInt, AbstractFloat, i32, u32, f32, or f16T is S, or vecN<S> Returns e2 if e1 is less than e2, and e1 otherwise. Component-wise when T is a vector.

If e1 and e2 are floating-point values, then:

  • If both e1 and e2 are denormalized, then the result may be either value.

  • If one operand is a NaN, the other is returned.

  • If both operands are NaNs, a NaN is returned.

 fn min(e1: T, e2: T) -> T
S is AbstractInt, AbstractFloat, i32, u32, f32, or f16T is S, or vecN<S> Returns e2 if e2 is less than e1, and e1 otherwise. Component-wise when T is a vector.

If e1 and e2 are floating-point values, then:

  • If both e1 and e2 are denormalized, then the result may be either value.

  • If one operand is a NaN, the other is returned.

  • If both operands are NaNs, a NaN is returned.

 fn mix(e1: T, e2: T, e3: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the linear blend of e1 and e2 (e.g. e1 * (1 - e3) + e2 * e3). Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn mix(e1: T2, e2: T2, e3: T) -> T2
T is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16 T2 is vecN<T> Returns the component-wise linear blend of e1 and e2, using scalar blending factor e3 for each component.
Same as mix(e1, e2, T2(e3)). 
 fn modf(e: T) -> __modf_result_f32
T is f32

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __modf_result_f32, but a value may infer the type.

 fn modf(e: T) -> __modf_result_f16
T is f16

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __modf_result_f16, but a value may infer the type.

 fn modf(e: T) -> __modf_result_abstract
T is AbstractFloat

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __modf_result_abstract, but a value may infer the type.

 fn modf(e: T) -> __modf_result_vecN_f32
T is vecN<f32>

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __modf_result_vecN_f32, but a value may infer the type.

 fn modf(e: T) -> __modf_result_vecN_f16
T is vecN<f16>

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __modf_result_vecN_f16, but a value may infer the type.

 fn modf(e: T) -> __modf_result_vecN_abstract
T is vecN<AbstractFloat>

Note: A value cannot be explicitly declared with the type __modf_result_vecN_abstract, but a value may infer the type.

 fn normalize(e: vecN<T> ) -> vecN<T>
T is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16 Returns a unit vector in the same direction as e. 
 fn pow(e1: T, e2: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns e1 raised to the power e2. Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn quantizeToF16(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32>

Note: The vec2<f32> case is the same as unpack2x16float(pack2x16float(e)).

 fn radians(e1: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Converts degrees to radians, approximating e1 × π ÷ 180. Component-wise when T is a vector 
 fn reflect(e1: T, e2: T) -> T
T is vecN<AbstractFloat>, vecN<f32>, or vecN<f16> For the incident vector e1 and surface orientation e2, returns the reflection direction e1 - 2 * dot(e2, e1) * e2. 
 fn refract(e1: T, e2: T, e3: I) -> T
T is vecN<I> I is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16 For the incident vector e1 and surface normal e2, and the ratio of indices of refraction e3, let k = 1.0 - e3 * e3 * (1.0 - dot(e2, e1) * dot(e2, e1)). If k < 0.0, returns the refraction vector 0.0, otherwise return the refraction vector e3 * e1 - (e3 * dot(e2, e1) + sqrt(k)) * e2. 
 fn reverseBits(e: T) -> T
T is i32, u32, vecN<i32>, or vecN<u32> Reverses the bits in e: The bit at position k of the result equals the bit at position 31 -k of e.
Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn round(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Result is the integer k nearest to e, as a floating point value.
When e lies halfway between integers k and k + 1, the result is k when k is even, and k + 1 when k is odd.
Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn saturate(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns clamp(e, 0.0, 1.0). Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn sign(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractInt, AbstractFloat, i32, f32, or f16T is S, or vecN<S> Result is:
  • 1 when e > 0
  • 0 when e = 0
  • -1 when e < 0

Component-wise when T is a vector.

 fn sin(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the sine of e, where e is in radians. Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn sinh(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the hyperbolic sine of e, where e is a hyperbolic angle in radians. Approximates the pure mathematical function (earg − e−arg)÷2, but not necessarily computed that way.

Component-wise when T is a vector.

 fn smoothstep(low: T, high: T, x: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the smooth Hermite interpolation between 0 and 1. Component-wise when T is a vector.

For scalar T, the result is t * t * (3.0 - 2.0 * t), where t = clamp((x - low) / (high - low), 0.0, 1.0).

 fn sqrt(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the square root of e. Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn step(edge: T, x: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns 1.0 if edge ≤ x, and 0.0 otherwise. Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn tan(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the tangent of e, where e is in radians. Component-wise when T is a vector. 
 fn tanh(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns the hyperbolic tangent of e, where e is a hyperbolic angle in radians. Approximates the pure mathematical function (earg − e−arg) ÷ (earg + e−arg) but not necessarily computed that way.

Component-wise when T is a vector.

 fn transpose(e: matRxC<T>) -> matCxR<T>
T is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16 Returns the transpose of e. 
 fn trunc(e: T) -> T
S is AbstractFloat, f32, or f16T is S or vecN<S> Returns truncate(e), the nearest whole number whose absolute value is less than or equal to the absolute value of e. Component-wise when T is a vector.

Derivative Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn dpdx(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Partial derivative of e with respect to window x coordinates. The result is the same as either dpdxFine(e) or dpdxCoarse(e).

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn dpdxCoarse(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Returns the partial derivative of e with respect to window x coordinates using local differences. This may result in fewer unique positions that dpdxFine(e).

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn dpdxFine(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Returns the partial derivative of e with respect to window x coordinates.

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn dpdy(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Partial derivative of e with respect to window y coordinates. The result is the same as either dpdyFine(e) or dpdyCoarse(e).

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn dpdyCoarse(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Returns the partial derivative of e with respect to window y coordinates using local differences. This may result in fewer unique positions that dpdyFine(e).

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn dpdyFine(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Returns the partial derivative of e with respect to window y coordinates.

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn fwidth(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Returns abs(dpdx(e)) + abs(dpdy(e)).

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn fwidthCoarse(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Returns abs(dpdxCoarse(e)) + abs(dpdyCoarse(e)).

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn fwidthFine(e: T) -> T
T is f32 or vecN<f32> Returns abs(dpdxFine(e)) + abs(dpdyFine(e)).

Returns an indeterminate value if called in non-uniform control flow.

Texture Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn textureDimensions(t: T) -> u32
ST is i32, u32, or f32 F is a texel format A is an access mode T is texture_1d<ST> or texture_storage_1d<F,A> 
 fn textureDimensions(t: T, level: L) -> u32
ST is i32, u32, or f32 T is texture_1d<ST> L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureDimensions(t: T) -> vec2<u32>
ST is i32, u32, or f32 F is a texel format A is an access mode T is texture_2d<ST>, texture_2d_array<ST>, texture_cube<ST>, texture_cube_array<ST>, texture_multisampled_2d<ST>, texture_depth_2d, texture_depth_2d_array, texture_depth_cube, texture_depth_cube_array, texture_depth_multisampled_2d, texture_storage_2d<F,A>, texture_storage_2d_array<F,A>, or texture_external 
 fn textureDimensions(t: T, level: L) -> vec2<u32>
ST is i32, u32, or f32 T is texture_2d<ST>, texture_2d_array<ST>, texture_cube<ST>, texture_cube_array<ST>, texture_depth_2d, texture_depth_2d_array, texture_depth_cube, or texture_depth_cube_array L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureDimensions(t: T) -> vec3<u32>
ST is i32, u32, or f32 F is a texel format A is an access mode T is texture_3d<ST> or texture_storage_3d<F,A> 
 fn textureDimensions(t: T, level: L) -> vec3<u32>
ST is i32, u32, or f32 T is texture_3d<ST> L is i32, or u32

Returns:

The coordinate dimensions of the texture.

That is, the result provides the integer bounds on the coordinates of the logical texel address, excluding the mip level count, array size, and sample count.

For textures based on cubes, the results are the dimensions of each face of the cube. Cube faces are square, so the x and y components of the result are equal.

If level is outside the range [0, textureNumLevels(t)) then an indeterminate value for the return type may be returned.

 fn textureGather(component: C, t: texture_2d<ST>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureGather(component: C, t: texture_2d<ST>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureGather(component: C, t: texture_2d_array<ST>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 A is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureGather(component: C, t: texture_2d_array<ST>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 A is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureGather(component: C, t: texture_cube<ST>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureGather(component: C, t: texture_cube_array<ST>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 A is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureGather(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureGather(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureGather(t: texture_depth_cube, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureGather(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureGather(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureGather(t: texture_depth_cube_array, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32

Returns:

A four component vector with components extracted from the specified channel from the selected texels, as described above.

EXAMPLE: Gather components from texels in 2D texture
@group(0) @binding(0) var t: texture_2d<f32>;
@group(0) @binding(1) var dt: texture_depth_2d;
@group(0) @binding(2) var s: sampler;

fn gather_x_components(c: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32> {
  return textureGather(0,t,s,c);
}
fn gather_y_components(c: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32> {
  return textureGather(1,t,s,c);
}
fn gather_z_components(c: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32> {
  return textureGather(2,t,s,c);
}
fn gather_depth_components(c: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32> {
  return textureGather(dt,s,c);
}

 fn textureGatherCompare(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, depth_ref: f32) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureGatherCompare(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, depth_ref: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureGatherCompare(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureGatherCompare(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureGatherCompare(t: texture_depth_cube, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec3<f32>, depth_ref: f32) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureGatherCompare(t: texture_depth_cube_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32

Returns:

A four component vector with comparison result for the selected texels, as described above.

EXAMPLE: Gather depth comparison
@group(0) @binding(0) var dt: texture_depth_2d;
@group(0) @binding(1) var s: sampler;

fn gather_depth_compare(c: vec2<f32>, depth_ref: f32) -> vec4<f32> {
  return textureGatherCompare(dt,s,c,depth_ref);
}

 fn textureLoad(t: texture_1d<ST>, coords: C, level: L) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureLoad(t: texture_2d<ST>, coords: vec2<C>, level: L) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureLoad(t: texture_2d_array<ST>, coords: vec2<C>, array_index: A, level: L) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 A is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureLoad(t: texture_3d<ST>, coords: vec3<C>, level: L) -> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureLoad(t: texture_multisampled_2d<ST>, coords: vec2<C>, sample_index: S)-> vec4<ST>
C is i32, or u32 S is i32, or u32 ST is i32, u32, or f32 
 fn textureLoad(t: texture_depth_2d, coords: vec2<C>, level: L) -> f32
C is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureLoad(t: texture_depth_2d_array, coords: vec2<C>, array_index: A, level: L) -> f32
C is i32, or u32 A is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureLoad(t: texture_depth_multisampled_2d, coords: vec2<C>, sample_index: S)-> f32
C is i32, or u32 S is i32, or u32 
 fn textureLoad(t: texture_external, coords: vec2<C>) -> vec4<f32>
C is i32, or u32

Returns:

The unfiltered texel data.

The logical texel address is invalid if:

  • any element of coords is outside the range [0, textureDimensions(t, level)) for the corresponding element, or

  • array_index is outside the range [0, textureNumLayers(t)), or

  • level is outside the range [0, textureNumLevels(t)), or

  • sample_index is outside the range [0, textureNumSamples(s))

If the logical texel addresss is invalid, the built-in function returns one of:

  • The data for some texel within bounds of the texture

  • A vector (0,0,0,0) or (0,0,0,1) of the appropriate type for non-depth textures

  • 0.0 for depth textures

 fn textureNumLayers(t: T) -> u32
F is a texel format A is an access mode ST is i32, u32, or f32 T is texture_2d_array<ST>, texture_cube_array<ST>, texture_depth_2d_array, texture_depth_cube_array, or texture_storage_2d_array<F,A>

Returns:

If the texture is based on cubes, returns the number of cubes in the cube arrayed texture.

Otherwise returns the number of layers (homogeneous grids of texels) in the arrayed texture.

 fn textureNumLevels(t: T) -> u32
ST is i32, u32, or f32 T is texture_1d<ST>, texture_2d<ST>, texture_2d_array<ST>, texture_3d<ST>, texture_cube<ST>, texture_cube_array<ST>, texture_depth_2d, texture_depth_2d_array, texture_depth_cube, or texture_depth_cube_array

Returns:

The mip level count for the texture.

 fn textureNumSamples(t: T) -> u32
ST is i32, u32, or f32 T is texture_multisampled_2d<ST> or texture_depth_multisampled_2d

Returns:

The sample count for the multisampled texture.

 fn textureSample(t: texture_1d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: f32) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_2d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_2d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_2d_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_2d_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSample(t: T, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>) -> vec4<f32>
T is texture_3d<f32>, or texture_cube<f32> 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_3d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, offset: vec3<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_cube_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>) -> f32 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, offset: vec2<i32>) -> f32 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, offset: vec2<i32>) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_depth_cube, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>) -> f32 
 fn textureSample(t: texture_depth_cube_array, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A) -> f32
A is i32, or u32

Returns:

The sampled value.

An indeterminate value results if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn textureSampleBias(t: texture_2d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, bias: f32) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleBias(t: texture_2d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, bias: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleBias(t: texture_2d_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, bias: f32) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleBias(t: texture_2d_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, bias: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleBias(t: T, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, bias: f32) -> vec4<f32>
T is texture_3d<f32>, or texture_cube<f32> 
 fn textureSampleBias(t: texture_3d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, bias: f32, offset: vec3<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleBias(t: texture_cube_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A, bias: f32) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32

Returns:

The sampled value.

An indeterminate value results if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn textureSampleCompare(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, depth_ref: f32) -> f32 
 fn textureSampleCompare(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, depth_ref: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> f32 
 fn textureSampleCompare(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleCompare(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleCompare(t: texture_depth_cube, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec3<f32>, depth_ref: f32) -> f32 
 fn textureSampleCompare(t: texture_depth_cube_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32) -> f32
A is i32, or u32

Returns:

A value in the range [0.0..1.0].

Each sampled texel is compared against the reference value using the comparison operator defined by the sampler_comparison, resulting in either a 0 or 1 value for each texel.

If the sampler uses bilinear filtering then the returned value is the filtered average of these values, otherwise the comparison result of a single texel is returned.

An indeterminate value results if called in non-uniform control flow.

 fn textureSampleCompareLevel(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, depth_ref: f32) -> f32 
 fn textureSampleCompareLevel(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, depth_ref: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> f32 
 fn textureSampleCompareLevel(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleCompareLevel(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleCompareLevel(t: texture_depth_cube, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec3<f32>, depth_ref: f32) -> f32 
 fn textureSampleCompareLevel(t: texture_depth_cube_array, s: sampler_comparison, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A, depth_ref: f32) -> f32
A is i32, or u32

Returns:

A value in the range [0.0..1.0].

The textureSampleCompareLevel function is the same as textureSampleCompare, except that:

  • textureSampleCompareLevel always samples texels from mip level 0.

    • The function does not compute derivatives.

    • There is no requirement for textureSampleCompareLevel to be invoked in uniform control flow.

  • textureSampleCompareLevel may be invoked in any shader stage.

 fn textureSampleGrad(t: texture_2d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, ddx: vec2<f32>, ddy: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleGrad(t: texture_2d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, ddx: vec2<f32>, ddy: vec2<f32>, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleGrad(t: texture_2d_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, ddx: vec2<f32>, ddy: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleGrad(t: texture_2d_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, ddx: vec2<f32>, ddy: vec2<f32>, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleGrad(t: T, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, ddx: vec3<f32>, ddy: vec3<f32>) -> vec4<f32>
T is texture_3d<f32>, or texture_cube<f32> 
 fn textureSampleGrad(t: texture_3d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, ddx: vec3<f32>, ddy: vec3<f32>, offset: vec3<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleGrad(t: texture_cube_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A, ddx: vec3<f32>, ddy: vec3<f32>) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32

Returns:

The sampled value.

 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_2d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, level: f32) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_2d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, level: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_2d_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, level: f32) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_2d_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, level: f32, offset: vec2<i32>) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: T, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, level: f32) -> vec4<f32>
T is texture_3d<f32>, or texture_cube<f32> 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_3d<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, level: f32, offset: vec3<i32>) -> vec4<f32> 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_cube_array<f32>, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A, level: f32) -> vec4<f32>
A is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, level: L) -> f32
L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_depth_2d, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, level: L, offset: vec2<i32>) -> f32
L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, level: L) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_depth_2d_array, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>, array_index: A, level: L, offset: vec2<i32>) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_depth_cube, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, level: L) -> f32
L is i32, or u32 
 fn textureSampleLevel(t: texture_depth_cube_array, s: sampler, coords: vec3<f32>, array_index: A, level: L) -> f32
A is i32, or u32 L is i32, or u32

Returns:

The sampled value.

 fn textureSampleBaseClampToEdge(t: T, s: sampler, coords: vec2<f32>) -> vec4<f32>
T is texture_2d<f32> or texture_external

Returns:

The sampled value.

 fn textureStore(t: texture_storage_1d<F,write>, coords: C, value: vec4<CF>)
F is a texel format C is i32, or u32 CF depends on the storage texel format F. See the texel format table for the mapping of texel format to channel format. 
 fn textureStore(t: texture_storage_2d<F,write>, coords: vec2<C>, value: vec4<CF>)
F is a texel format C is i32, or u32 CF depends on the storage texel format F. See the texel format table for the mapping of texel format to channel format. 
 fn textureStore(t: texture_storage_2d_array<F,write>, coords: vec2<C>, array_index: A, value: vec4<CF>)
F is a texel format C is i32, or u32 A is i32, or u32 CF depends on the storage texel format F. See the texel format table for the mapping of texel format to channel format. 
 fn textureStore(t: texture_storage_3d<F,write>, coords: vec3<C>, value: vec4<CF>)
F is a texel format C is i32, or u32 CF depends on the storage texel format F. See the texel format table for the mapping of texel format to channel format.

Atomic Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
fn atomicLoad(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>) -> T 
fn atomicStore(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>, v: T) 
fn atomicAdd(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>, v: T) -> T fn atomicSub(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>, v: T) -> T fn atomicMax(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>, v: T) -> T fn atomicMin(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>, v: T) -> T fn atomicAnd(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>, v: T) -> T fn atomicOr(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>, v: T) -> T fn atomicXor(atomic_ptr: ptr<AS, atomic<T>, read_write>, v: T) -> T

Data Packing Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn pack4x8snorm(e: vec4<f32>) -> u32
Converts four normalized floating point values to 8-bit signed integers, and then combines them into one u32 value.
Component e[i] of the input is converted to an 8-bit twos complement integer value ⌊ 0.5 + 127 × min(1, max(-1, e[i])) ⌋ which is then placed in bits 8 × i through 8 × i + 7 of the result. 
 fn pack4x8unorm(e: vec4<f32>) -> u32
Converts four normalized floating point values to 8-bit unsigned integers, and then combines them into one u32 value.
Component e[i] of the input is converted to an 8-bit unsigned integer value ⌊ 0.5 + 255 × min(1, max(0, e[i])) ⌋ which is then placed in bits 8 × i through 8 × i + 7 of the result. 
 fn pack2x16snorm(e: vec2<f32>) -> u32
Converts two normalized floating point values to 16-bit signed integers, and then combines them into one u32 value.
Component e[i] of the input is converted to a 16-bit twos complement integer value ⌊ 0.5 + 32767 × min(1, max(-1, e[i])) ⌋ which is then placed in bits 16 × i through 16 × i + 15 of the result. 
 fn pack2x16unorm(e: vec2<f32>) -> u32
Converts two normalized floating point values to 16-bit unsigned integers, and then combines them into one u32 value.
Component e[i] of the input is converted to a 16-bit unsigned integer value ⌊ 0.5 + 65535 × min(1, max(0, e[i])) ⌋ which is then placed in bits 16 × i through 16 × i + 15 of the result. 
 fn pack2x16float(e: vec2<f32>) -> u32
Converts two floating point values to half-precision floating point numbers, and then combines them into one u32 value.
Component e[i] of the input is converted to a IEEE-754 binary16 value, which is then placed in bits 16 × i through 16 × i + 15 of the result. See § 14.6.2 Floating Point Conversion.

If either e[0] or e[1] is outside the finite range of binary16 then:

  • It is a shader-creation error if e is a const-expression.

  • It is a pipeline-creation error if e is an override-expression.

  • Otherwise the result is an indeterminate value for u32.

Data Unpacking Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn unpack4x8snorm(e: u32) -> vec4<f32>
Decomposes a 32-bit value into four 8-bit chunks, then reinterprets each chunk as a signed normalized floating point value.
Component i of the result is max(v ÷ 127, -1), where v is the interpretation of bits 8×i through 8×i + 7 of e as a twos-complement signed integer. 
 fn unpack4x8unorm(e: u32) -> vec4<f32>
Decomposes a 32-bit value into four 8-bit chunks, then reinterprets each chunk as an unsigned normalized floating point value.
Component i of the result is v ÷ 255, where v is the interpretation of bits 8×i through 8×i + 7 of e as an unsigned integer. 
 fn unpack2x16snorm(e: u32) -> vec2<f32>
Decomposes a 32-bit value into two 16-bit chunks, then reinterprets each chunk as a signed normalized floating point value.
Component i of the result is max(v ÷ 32767, -1), where v is the interpretation of bits 16×i through 16×i + 15 of e as a twos-complement signed integer. 
 fn unpack2x16unorm(e: u32) -> vec2<f32>
Decomposes a 32-bit value into two 16-bit chunks, then reinterprets each chunk as an unsigned normalized floating point value.
Component i of the result is v ÷ 65535, where v is the interpretation of bits 16×i through 16×i + 15 of e as an unsigned integer. 
 fn unpack2x16float(e: u32) -> vec2<f32>
Decomposes a 32-bit value into two 16-bit chunks, and reinterpets each chunk as a floating point value.
Component i of the result is the f32 representation of v, where v is the interpretation of bits 16×i through 16×i + 15 of e as an IEEE-754 binary16 value. See § 14.6.2 Floating Point Conversion.

Synchronization Built-in Functions

FunctionParameter TypesDescription
 fn storageBarrier()
Executes a control barrier synchronization function that affects memory and atomic operations in the storage address space. 
 fn workgroupBarrier()
Executes a control barrier synchronization function that affects memory and atomic operations in the workgroup address space. 
 fn workgroupUniformLoad(p : ptr<workgroup, T>) -> T
T is a concrete plain type with a fixed footprint that does not contain any atomic types Returns the value pointed to by p to all invocations in the workgroup. The return value is uniform. p must be a uniform value.

Executes a control barrier synchronization function that affects memory and atomic operations in the workgroup address space.

Be aware of undefined behavior in WGSL

Several functions in WGSL are undefined for certain values. Trying to raise a negative number to a power with pow is one example since the result would be an imaginary number. We went over another example above with smoothstep.

You need to try to be aware of these or else your shaders will get different results on different machines.

Here's a list of undefined some behaviors. Note T means float, vec2f, vec3f, or vec4f.

fn asin(x: T) -> T

Arc sine. Returns an angle whose sine is x. The range of values returned by this function is [−π/2, π/2] Results are undefined if ∣x∣ > 1.

fn acos(x: T) -> T

Arc cosine. Returns an angle whose cosine is x. The range of values returned by this function is [0, π]. Results are undefined if ∣x∣ > 1.

fn atan(y: T, x: T) -> T

Arc tangent. Returns an angle whose tangent is y/x. The signs of x and y are used to determine what quadrant the angle is in. The range of values returned by this function is [−π,π]. Results are undefined if x and y are both 0.

fn acosh(x: T) -> T

Arc hyperbolic cosine; returns the non-negative inverse of cosh. Results are undefined if x < 1.

fn atanh(x: T) -> T

Arc hyperbolic tangent; returns the inverse of tanh. Results are undefined if ∣x∣≥1.

fn pow(x: T, y: T) -> T

Returns x raised to the y power, i.e., xy. Results are undefined if x < 0. Results are undefined if x = 0 and y <= 0.

fn log(x: T) -> T

Returns the natural log of x. Results are undefined if x < 0.

fn log2(x: T) -> T

Returns the base-2 logarithm of x. Results are undefined if x < 0.

fn log(x: T) -> T

Returns the natural logarithm of x, i.e., returns the value y which satisfies the equation x = ey. Results are undefined if x <= 0.

fn log2(x: T) -> T

Returns the base 2 logarithm of x, i.e., returns the value y which satisfies the equation x=2y. Results are undefined if x <= 0.

fn sqrt(T: x) -> T

Returns √x . Results are undefined if x < 0.

fn inverseSqrt(x: T) -> T

Returns 1/√x. Results are undefined if x <= 0.

fn clamp(x: T, minVal: T, maxVal: T) -> T

Returns min(max(x, minVal), maxVal). Results are undefined if minVal > maxVal

fn smoothstep(edge0: T, edge1: T, x: T) -> T

Returns 0.0 if x <= edge0 and 1.0 if x >= edge1 and performs smooth Hermite interpolation between 0 and 1 when edge0 < x < edge1. Results are undefined if edge0 >= edge1.

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